Monetary Policy Normalization in the United States

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  1. MarkKlose commented on Aug 11

    It’s worth noting that Williamson is a dedicated Freshwater Evangelist who has been easily ridiculed since at least 2009. It’s had to even know where to start. The fact that events failed to unfold in a way consistent with his orthodoxy, has not caused any apparent change in his faith. The following Brad DeLong post from May 3, 2011 is a taste of what’s been observed:

    In Which We Try, without Success, to Teach Stephen Williamson to Be a Better Economist…
    Stephen Williamson thinks he does not need to learn any economic history or history of economic thought:
    Stephen Williamson: New Monetarist Economics: Chuckle of the Day: Brad DeLong agrees with Larry Summers’s public blathering about the bad state of PhD programs in Economics…. Seriously, DeLong and Summers need to use some basic economics to organize their thinking before attempting to instruct the world in what should be taught to Economics PhD students. Successful departments teach what the marketplace wants. It seems to me that the markets in Old Keynesians, Old Monetarists, monetary historians and, particularly, historians of economic thought, are pretty thin these days…
    If Stephen Williamson were to have spent any time reading, say, Milton Friedman, he might not make elementary mistakes such as this one here:
    Stephen Williamson: New Monetarist Economics: How to Get Worked Up Over Nothing: Suppose a cash-in-advance model with a representative consumer, period utility u(c), discount factor b, constant aggregate endowment y. c is consumption. The consumer needs cash to buy c each period. Suppose y is a fixed quantity of output received by a firm, which is sold for cash within the period, and then the cash is paid as a dividend to the consumer at the end of the period. Have the money stock grow at a constant rate m. The real interest rate is constant at 1/b – 1. The nominal interest rate is (1+m)/b – 1, and the inflation rate is m. Constant m implies a constant nominal interest rate and a constant inflation rate. If m < 0, there is deflation, and the nominal interest rate is sufficiently low to support the deflation. I can think of the instrument the central bank sets as either the money growth rate or the nominal interest rate – that part is irrelevant…. What's the problem?
    Williamson's intellectual error is truly elementary. As Milton Friedman liked to say, high nominal interest rates are a sign that money growth has been high in the past and is expected to be high in the future. But that does not meant that you can lower expected future money growth by reducing interest rates today.
    The problem is that Williamson is confusing the direction of causation–and thus committing himself to cargo-cult macroeconomics with his claim that the way to reduce inflation is to permanently reduce nominal interest rates. The cargo cults of the South Pacific noted a strong correlation during World War II between (a) the existence of airstrips, and (b) cargo airplanes landing and disgorging huge amounts of consumer goods. They thought it was worth trying to see whether this relationship was causal: would building airstrips cause cargo planes to appear and land?
    They experimented… and found that causation ran the other way: it was the expectation on the part of the Seabees of the United Nations forces fighting the Japanese Empire that cargo planes would want to land on some island that prompted them to construct the airstrips.

  2. KDawg commented on Aug 11

    Sadly, I have to admit that my eyes glazed over and I couldn’t read 22 pages of this thing. I like the conclusion though. At least the word “gradual”.

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